Secular Trend

During the last hundred years there has been a striking tendency for children to become progressively larger at all ages. This is known as the “secular trend.” The magnitude of the trend in Europe and America is such that it dwarfs the differences between socioeconomic classes.

The data from Europe and America agree well: from about 1900, or a little earlier, to the present, children in average economic circumstances have increased in height at age five to seven by about one to two centimetres (0.4 to 0.8 inch) per decade, and at 10 to 14 by two to three centimetres (0.8 to 1.2 inches) each decade. Preschool data show that the trend starts directly after birth and may, indeed, be relatively greater from age two to five than subsequently. The trend started, at least in Britain, as early as 1850.

Most of the trend toward greater size in children reflects a more rapid maturation; only a minor part reflects a greater ultimate size. The trend toward earlier maturing is best shown in the statistics on age at menarche. The trend is between three and four months per ______ _____ _____ ____ ___ ______.
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