Reverse osmosis

### Reverse Osmosis in Biochemistry: Tools and Techniques

#### Definition
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that removes ions, unwanted molecules, and larger particles from water by using a semi-permeable membrane. This process involves applying pressure to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property, allowing the solvent (water) to pass through while retaining the solute (contaminants).

#### Tools and Techniques

1. Membrane Systems:
   - Semi-Permeable Membranes: The core component of an RO system, these membranes are typically made from thin-film composite materials that ______ _______ ______ _____ _________.
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