“Rapid industrialization and diversification of the industrial structure have been the twin objective of industrial policy in India”- Elaborate

Industrialization and diversification of the Industrial ocured in  1951, when India embarked on its first five-year plan, the country’s industrial base was small, dominated by cotton and jute textiles. Registered manufacturing units, employing ten or more workers, contributed about 4.4 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) at 1993–1994 prices; the contribution of unregistered units was 4.6 percent. Barely more than fifty years later, India has a highly diversified industrial structure, producing a wide range of goods. Indian industry is now capable of designing and implementing industrial projects using sophisticated technology. In 2000–2001, the GDP share of registered manufacturing was 10.5 percent, and that of total manufacturing 17.2 percent. In terms of manufacturing value added, in 1998 India ranked fifteenth among 87 countries (UNIDO, Industrial Development Report. Among developing countries, India ranked sixth, behind China, Brazil, Korea, Mexico, and Taiwan.

The industrialization strategy implemented in the second (1956–1957 to 1960–1961) and third (1961–1962 to 1965–1966) plans emphasized rapid growth and diversification through industrialization, considered essential for achieving and maintaining full employment at a rising level of productivity. India’s planners believed that in order to industrialize, it was necessary to develop an indigenous heavy industry base, for which the public sector would take prime responsibility. Such thinking shaped the policy environment for Indian industry, and the government invested in heavy industries, primarily iron and steel. During this period and in the next twenty-five years, India pursued an inward-oriented industrialization strategy. There were high import restrictions, combined with strong regulation of domestic industry. Domestic manufacturing enterprises were highly protected against foreign competition. Most production- and investment-related decisions of industrial firms were subject to ________ __________ ______ _________ ______ ______ _____ _________ ________ ________.
_______ ___ _____ __________ _______ _________ ___ ________ _____ _____ ______.
______ _______ ___ _________ ___ __________ _____ _________ _____ ____ ________ ___.
_______ _________ _______ ________ ___ _________ ______.
___ ______ __________ ___ _____ ______.
_____ __________ _________ _______ __________ ___ _______ _________ _____ ______ _________.
_____ _____ ________ _____ ________ ___ ______.
___ ___ __________ _________ __________ ______ _________.
________ ______ ___ ____ ______ ______.
___ ______ ________ ___ ________.
_____ ___ ___ _______ _____ ___ ________ _____ _______ _________.
__________ ________ ___ ____ ______ ______ _____ _____ ___ _________.
____ _________ ____ _____ ________ _________.
________ _____ ____ ______ _______ ___ ______ ____.
_______ _______ _________ ________ ________ ________ _______ __________ _____ __________ _______.
______ ____ _____ ______ _____ _____ _______ _________ ____ _________ ________.
____ ____ ________ __________ __________ __________ __________.
____ ______ ___ _______ _________.
_____ ______ __________ ____ _____ _________ ________ __________ _________ __________ _______ _____.
____ ____ _______ _________ ______ __________ ____ ______.
__________ ______ _______ _______ _________ _____ ____ __________ ____.
__________ __________ ____ ________ ___ ______ ____ ____ _________ ______ _______ ________.
_____ ______ ___ ____ ________ __________ _________.
___ _______ _____ ___ ______ _________ __________ _____.
______ __________ ____ ________ ____ ______ ______ _______ _____ _______ _____ ___.
_______ __________ _____ _________ _________ __________ ___ ___ ___ _______ __________.
________ _____ ______ _________ ________ ___ ________ ______ _______ _________ ____.
__________ _________ _____ ________ ________ ___ ____ _____ _______.
_________ _____ ______ ____ _____ _______ ____ ____ _______.
___ ______ _____ _______ _____ __________ ___.
___ _____ _____ _______ _____ __________ ____ __________.
____ ______ ________ _____ _______ ___ ____ _____.
___ ________ ________ ______ ____ _________ ____.
_________ ____ _________ _____ _____ ____.
_______ ________ ___ ____ _____ _____ _______ _________ ___ _________.
______ ________ ___ _________ _______ _______ ________ ________ _________ ________ ______.
__________ ________ __________ _________ ________.
_________ _______ _______ __________ __________ _____ _____ __________ _________ _______ _____.
_________ ________ ______ ___ ____ _____ _______.
___ ____ ____ ______ _________.
______ ________ _________ __________ ________ __________ _______.
__________ ________ _________ _________ ____ ____ _______ _______ ________ ____.
___ ____ ___ ____ _______ ________.
_______ ______ ___ _____ _________ ________ ________ ____ __________ ___ ___ __________.
_______ ________ _________ ____ _______ ____ ________ _______.
_______ ___ ___ _______ _______ ____ _______ ____ ____ ______.
______ _____ ____ _______ _________ ___ ________.
_______ ________ _____ __________ ___ _____ _____ __________ ______ __________.
______ ___ ____ _____ ____.
________ ___ ______ ___ ____ _____ ____ ____ ______.
____ ___ _______ _____ _________ ________ ___ __________ ___ ___.
____ ______ __________ ___ ___ _______ _______ ________ ____.
_______ _____ ______ ________ _____.
__________ ________ _____ ____ ________ _________ ________ ____ ______ ________ _______ ________.
__________ __________ __________ _____ _______ __________ _______ __________ _________.
__________ _________ ____ _______ ______ __________ __________ __________ _______.
___ _________ _______ ___ ____ _____.
_________ ____ ________ ________ ______ ________ ______ _________.
_____ ________ __________ _____ ____ _______ __________ __________ __________.
____ ___ _________ ___ _________ ______ __________ ____ ____.
__________ _____ _________ _______ __________ ______.
____ ____ __________ _______ _____ _______ ______ _________ _____.
_______ ___ _____ ___ _______ ____.
___ ________ ___ ________ ___.
___ __________ ______ ________ _________ _______.
____ __________ _________ _____ _____ ____.
________ _______ ___ ___ ______ ____ _____.
_____ ________ ___ ___ _________ __________ ________.
_____ ________ __________ ______ _______ _______ _________ ________ ________ _______ ___.
_______ ________ ________ ________ ______ ___ ___.
__________ _______ ________ ______ ______ ________ _________ ______ _______ ____ ____ _______.
___ __________ ____ __________ _____ ________.
________ ________ ___ __________ ___ _____ ________ ____ ________ ___ _______.
____ ______ _____ ______ _______ ____ _________.
_______ _____ _____ _________ ________ __________.
________ ______ ____ _____ _______ ____ ____ ___ __________ _____ ____ ________.
_______ ______ ________ _________ _____.
____ ________ __________ _____ ____ ___ ___ ______ ____.
___ __________ _____ ___ _____ ____ ______ ____ _______ ___ ___ ______.
___ _________ _________ ________ ________ ________ _____.
___ ___ _______ ________ ________ ____ _____ ______.
____ _________ _________ _________ __________ ____ _________ ___ ____ ________.
___ ______ ____ ______ __________ ___.
__________ ____ _____ _______ __________ ____ _______ ___ _________ ______ ______ ________.
____ ________ _________ ________ _____ ________ __________ ___ _________ _____ ________ __________.
_____ ______ ________ ____ ______ _________ __________ __________ ______.
_________ _____ _________ _______ ____ _________ _________ _____ ________ ____ _______ _______.
____ ___ _________ _______ _______ ___ __________ ________ ________.
________ ____ ___ _____ _______ ________ ________ _________ ____ ____.
______ ______ ___ ________ ___ ________ __________.
________ ___ __________ ________ _____ ______ _______ _________ ___ ____.
_____ _____ _____ ________ _______ _____ _________ _____ _________ ___.
____ ___ _________ _____ ____.
_________ _________ ________ ____ ___ ___ ______ _____.
_________ ______ ___ ____ _____ ________ __________ _______ ____ ___ ______.
__________ ______ __________ ___ _________ ______ ___ ____.
__________ ________ _____ _________ _____ ___ ____ ___ _________ __________ ___ ______.
__________ _________ _____ _______ _______ ______ ______ _____ ___.
____ __________ ________ ________ ________ _______ _____ ______ ___ _______ __________ ________.
________ _____ _________ ________ _________ ________ _____.
__________ ___ ______ _____ _____ _________.
________ ____ _____ _____ __________ ____ ______ ______ _____.
______ ______ ______ ______ _________ _______ _____.
_____ _____ _____ _______ _________ _________ _____ ______.
_________ ___ ____ ________ _______ __________ ______ ______ _________.
_________ ___ ___ ____ ___ _______ _______ __________ ___ ____ ________ ______.
_______ ____ _________ ___ ________ _______ ___ ________.
______ ______ __________ ______ __________.
_________ ____ ________ ______ _______.
________ ___ _______ ___ _____ ________ __________ ___ _____ __________ ___ _____.
_________ _______ _______ ______ ___ ______ ____ ____ ________ ____.
_______ _______ _________ ___ ________ _________ _____ __________ _____ ___ __________.
__________ _________ __________ __________ ____.
_____ ____ _______ _________ ______ ____ ________ ___.
_________ _____ __________ _____ ________ _________ __________ _______.
____ _______ ______ ______ _________ _____ ________ ___ _______.
______ _________ ________ _________ ________ ___.
_______ _____ __________ ___ _____ ___ _________ ___.
__________ ____ __________ ________ ____ ______.
_____ ____ _________ ________ _______ _______ ______ ___.
________ _________ ______ __________ __________ ________ _____.
____ ____ __________ _________ __________ ________ _____ ___ ___ __________.
______ __________ ______ _______ _________.
___ _____ _____ ____ _____ ____ __________ _____ ______ ___.
____ ______ _____ ________ ______ _______ _________ ___ ____.
_______ ____ ___ ________ ________.
__________ _______ ____ _______ _____ _______ _________ ___ ____ _______ __________ __________.
______ ___ ____ __________ _____ _____ ____ ________ __________.
_______ ___ __________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp