'Pleasure' and 'instruction' as ends of literature 

The concepts of ‘pleasure’ and ‘instruction’ are classical. Their association with literature has got a long history which can be traced back to the Antiquity. In his Poetics, one of the earliest seminal works of literary theory, Aristotle conceives the goal of tragedy as catharsis, or the liberation of the mind of its viewers. This psychological redemption results from the arousal and purification of intense fear and pity in the audience, and it is in this arousal-and-purification business that the audience derives the true tragic pleasure (2000: XIV, p.18). Furthermore, what make the audience enjoy a tragedy are the poet’s perfect technique of imitation, or the ‘reproduction of objects with minute fidelity’, and their recognition of the model being imitated. Pleasure, not _________ ________ __________ _________ ________ _______ ________ ____ __________ ______.
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