Patenting of Micro-Organisms

Patenting of micro-organisms plays a significant role in the fields of biotechnology, plant variety protection, and the preservation of traditional knowledge. Under international agreements like the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights), micro-organisms can be patented if they are novel, involve an inventive step, and are industrially applicable. This includes genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are widely used _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ __________ __________ ______ _______ ____ _______.
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