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Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification is one of the most important and widely followed systems in the field of plant taxonomy. It was developed by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker during the 19th century, specifically published between 1862 and 1883 in their work “Genera Plantarum.” This system is based mainly on morphological characters of plants, particularly focusing on the structure of flowers, fruits, and other vegetative features. Their primary aim was to classify plants in a natural way according to their overall structural similarities. The system divides the entire plant kingdom into three major groups: 1. Thallophyta – plants without well-differentiated tissues, such as algae and fungi. 2. Bryophyta – non-vascular land plants like mosses and liverworts. 3. Pteridophyta – vascular but non-seed producing plants like ferns and their allies. 4. Gymnosperms – seed-producing plants without true flowers, e.g., conifers. 5. Angiosperms – seed-producing ______ ________ __________ _______ ________ ___ ___ _____ ____ __________ _____.
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