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Xerophytes are plants that are specially adapted to survive in arid environments where water availability is extremely limited. These plants display a wide range of morphological, anatomical, and physiological modifications that enable them to withstand prolonged periods of drought, intense sunlight, and high rates of transpiration. The study of xerophytes is highly significant in plant ecology and taxonomy as it demonstrates the survival strategies that plants have evolved in extreme habitats such as deserts, rocky terrain, and sandy soils. One of the most common adaptations in xerophytes is the reduction of leaves to spines, as seen in species of *Opuntia* (prickly pear cactus). _________ ___ ______ ________ __________ _____ _________ ________ ___ ______ ________ _____.
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