Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a medical condition characterized by a group of symptoms that collectively indicate kidney dysfunction. It is not a single disease but rather a set of clinical findings that occur due to damage to the tiny blood vessels (glomeruli) in the kidneys, resulting in abnormal filtration of blood and protein leakage into the urine. This syndrome is often caused by various underlying kidney diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, diabetic kidney disease, or systemic lupus erythematosus.

The defining features of nephrotic syndrome include:

1. Proteinuria: This is the hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. It refers to the excessive loss of protein, particularly albumin, in the urine. Normally, the kidneys retain protein in the blood, but in nephrotic syndrome, damaged glomeruli allow proteins to pass through into the urine, __________ __________ _____ ______ _________ _______ _______ ________ ___ ____.
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