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The National Food Security Act (NFSA), enacted in 2013, represents one of the most ambitious social welfare legislations in India aimed at ensuring food and nutritional security to a significant portion of the population. This Act is directly linked with rural development programmes, as rural areas are more vulnerable to issues of food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty. The NFSA integrates various existing food welfare schemes under one legal framework and provides a rights-based approach to food distribution. In the context of rural development, the Act seeks to address structural issues of hunger, bridge the nutritional gap, and strengthen livelihoods through better access to subsidized food grains. The primary objective of the NFSA is to provide subsidized food grains to nearly two-thirds of the Indian population. It legally entitles 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population to receive food grains under the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS). Eligible households are divided into two categories: priority households, which constitute the majority, and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) households, which include the poorest of the poor. Priority households are entitled to 5 kg of food grains per person per month at highly subsidized rates, while AAY households are entitled to 35 kg per household per month. The Act fixes the issue price at Rs. 3 per kg for rice, Rs. 2 per kg for wheat, and Rs. 1 per kg for coarse grains. These provisions reduce the financial burden on poor rural families and guarantee food availability even during economic hardships. In terms of rural development programmes, the NFSA incorporates several schemes that already existed before its enactment, such as the Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), and provisions for maternity entitlements. These schemes are particularly relevant to rural areas, where children and women are disproportionately affected by malnutrition. The Mid-Day Meal Scheme ensures that children in government and government-aided schools receive one hot cooked meal every day. This not only improves nutritional intake but also enhances ________ ____ ____ _________ _______ ____.
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