Name the different routes of drug administration. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of parenteral routes of drug administration?

The different routes of drug administration are broadly classified into two categories: enteral and parenteral. The enteral route involves administering drugs through the gastrointestinal tract, while parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal system. The main parenteral routes are intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intradermal (ID), and intrathecal administration.

Parenteral drug administration refers to methods that introduce drugs directly into the body tissues or bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. Among these, intravenous (IV) administration is the most direct and rapid, where the drug is delivered directly into the bloodstream. Intramuscular (IM) injections involve injecting the drug into the muscle, and subcutaneous (SC) injections ____ ___ ______ ____ __________ ___ __________ ______ _________ ____ _________ ________.
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