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The teaching of Arabic has undergone major changes in recent decades due to developments in linguistics, pedagogy, technology, and globalization. Traditional methods focused mainly on grammar and translation, whereas modern approaches emphasize communication, interaction, and learner-centered education. In India, Arabic teaching is influenced by religious, academic, and professional needs. Therefore, different teaching methods are adopted according to the objectives of learners. The Grammar Translation Method is one of the oldest methods used in Arabic teaching. It emphasizes memorization of grammar rules, translation of texts, and vocabulary learning. In this method, the teacher explains grammatical structures in the native language of students and asks them to translate Arabic sentences into their mother tongue and vice versa. This method helps learners understand classical Arabic literature and religious texts. It also develops reading and writing skills. However, it neglects listening and speaking abilities. Students often become passive learners and fail to communicate effectively in Arabic. Therefore, many educators criticize this method for being teacher-centered and outdated in modern language learning contexts. The Direct Method emerged as a reaction against the Grammar Translation Method. In this method, Arabic is taught directly without _______ _______ ____ ____ __________ ______ ________ ________ ____ ___.
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