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Mercerization is a chemical treatment process applied to cotton fibers and fabrics to improve their physical and aesthetic properties. During this process, cotton is treated with a concentrated solution of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) under controlled tension and temperature. The treatment causes the fibers to swell, straighten, and increase in surface area, resulting in enhanced luster, strength, and affinity for dyes. ___ __________ _________ _________ _____ _________ ________.
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