Mention the conditions to which a state’s domestic legislation is subject while restricting the right of translation.

Section 13 of the Copyright Act, 1957 (Act) states that copyright shall subsist throughout India in an original literary work. But what does this right entitle the right owner to do? For this, we turn to Section 14 of the Act, which clarifies that, with respect to a literary work, copyright means the exclusive right to do, or authorise to do, certain acts such as issue copies of the work, make adaptations of the work, make translations of the work, and so on.

Thus, a translated literary work necessarily requires obtaining the permission of the original author before translating and publishing the work. Translations made without appropriate permissions and licenses may be deemed unauthorised under law, and may have legal implications.

Therefore, ordinarily, before actually undertaking or commissioning a translation, it becomes important to obtain permissions from the original author. The process for this is provided in Section 32 of the Act. There are some cases where this may not be possible. For example, it ___ ____ ____ ________ ___ ______ _____ _______.
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