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Diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of illness and death among children, especially those under five years of age. It is characterized by the passage of three or more loose or watery stools in a day. Common causes include viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, contaminated food and water, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene. The primary goal of management is to prevent dehydration, maintain nutrition, treat the underlying cause when necessary, and educate caregivers on home care and prevention. Assessment of the child includes obtaining a detailed history of the onset, duration, frequency of stools, vomiting, fever, feeding pattern, urine output, and any blood in the stool. Physical examination is focused on identifying the degree of __________ ___ ________ ______ _______ __________ ________ ___ _______ ____ __________.
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