List various innate immune system barriers and protection mechanisms.

The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens, offering immediate but nonspecific protection. It consists of physical, chemical, and cellular mechanisms that prevent or limit the entry and spread of pathogens. These barriers can be categorized into external and internal components, each playing a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating foreign invaders.

Physical Barriers:

1. Skin: The skin acts as the most important physical barrier. Its outermost layer, the stratum corneum, is composed of tightly packed dead cells and keratin, which prevent pathogens from entering the body. The skin's dryness, acidity (low pH), and the presence of sweat and sebaceous glands further discourage microbial growth.

2. Mucous Membranes: Mucous membranes line body cavities exposed to the external environment, such as the ______ ________ _______ ________ __________ _____.
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