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The judiciary occupies a central place in the democratic framework of India because it ensures that the Constitution remains supreme and that the rule of law prevails over arbitrary exercise of power. As one of the three organs of the State, along with the legislature and the executive, the judiciary performs the vital function of interpreting laws, protecting fundamental rights, and maintaining constitutional balance. For this reason, it is widely regarded as the watchdog of democracy and the guardian of the Constitution. The Constitution of India establishes an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court, followed by High Courts and subordinate courts. Judicial independence is ensured through constitutional provisions relating to the appointment, tenure, salaries, and removal of judges. Such safeguards enable the judiciary to function without political pressure and to deliver impartial justice. An independent judiciary is essential for maintaining public confidence in democratic governance. One of the most significant powers of the judiciary is judicial review. Under Articles 13, 32, 131, 136, 142, 226, and related constitutional provisions, the Supreme Court and High Courts have the authority to ______ ___ _________ _______ _________ ___ ______ _________.
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