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Problem solving is a complex cognitive activity that involves identifying a problem, generating possible solutions, evaluating alternatives, and implementing the most effective course of action. However, individuals often encounter intellectual blocks that interfere with efficient thinking and prevent the discovery of appropriate solutions. These blocks arise from limitations in cognitive processes, previous experiences, beliefs, and mental habits. Cognitive psychology studies these barriers to understand why people sometimes fail to solve problems despite possessing adequate knowledge and intelligence. One of the most common intellectual blocks is functional fixedness. This refers to the tendency to perceive an object only in terms of its conventional use, making it difficult to imagine alternative functions. For example, a person may fail to use a coin as a screwdriver because they are mentally restricted to viewing it only as currency. Functional fixedness limits creativity and prevents individuals from exploring innovative solutions. Mental set is another significant obstacle. A mental set is the tendency to approach new problems using _____ __________ ____ __________ _______ _____ _______ _________ _________ __________.
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