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Research and Development (R&D) performs a dual role when it contributes simultaneously to the creation of new knowledge and the practical application of that knowledge for achieving organizational objectives. R&D is not limited to scientific investigation; it also acts as a strategic and managerial function that supports innovation, competitiveness, productivity and long-term growth. The dual role becomes particularly important in organizations operating in technology-intensive and rapidly changing environments, where scientific discoveries must be converted into commercially useful products, processes or services. The first role of R&D is the research role. It involves systematic investigation to generate new knowledge, discover new technologies, understand market and technological trends, and _______ _______ _____ __________ _______ _________ _________ ___ ___ _____.
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