II) Apply quantification rules to prove the validity/invalidity of the following                syllogistic arguments.
i)    All substances have qualities. Some qualities have actions. Therefore, Some
      substances have actions.
ii)   Some politicians are doctors. All doctors are good not orators. Therefore,            Some Politicians are good orators.

Quantification, in logic, the attachment of signs of quantity to the predicate or subject of a proposition. The universal quantifier, symbolized by (∀-) or (-), where the blank is filled by a variable, is used to express that the formula following holds for all values of the particular variable quantified. The existential quantifier, symbolized (∃-), expresses _______ ________ ____ ______ _________.
________ _________ ________ _______ ___ ____ _______ _______ ____.
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___ _____ ________ ________ __________ _________ _______ _____ _________ _______ ________.
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___ ______ ______ ___ ____ _____ ________ ______ ______ _____ _________.
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