Word Count : 1113

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In the study of syntax within *The Structure of English*, relative clauses function as subordinate clauses that modify nouns or pronouns, typically introduced by relative pronouns such as *who, which, that, whom,* or *whose*. They provide additional information about the noun they follow, and can be either *restrictive* (defining) or *non-restrictive* (non-defining). Restrictive relative clauses are essential to the meaning of a sentence, while non-restrictive clauses offer extra, non-essential information and are usually set off by commas. Let us now analyze both the given sentences in detail and identify the relative clauses. --- Sentence (a): *Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27 B.C.) advised anyone who intended to build a farm house to avoid swampy land.* To identify the relative clause, we first locate any clause that begins with a relative pronoun or relative adverb. In this sentence, we see the word *“who”*, which is a relative pronoun. The clause introduced by *who* is: “who intended to build a farm house” This clause modifies the noun *“anyone”*. Let us now analyze it structurally: * Antecedent (noun being modified): *anyone* * Relative pronoun: *who* * Verb in the relative ___ _____ _____ _____ ___ _____.
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