Question

How to formulate Gender Development Index? Describe various gender adversaries and what measures to be taken to overcome gender adversaries.

11 Mar 2023
Answer :
Word Count : 1262

The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a composite measure designed to assess the disparities in human development between men and women. It is grounded in the human development concept, which emphasizes not only income but also health and education as indicators of well-being. The formulation of the GDI builds on the Human Development Index (HDI) developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). However, the GDI specifically adjusts the HDI to reflect gender-based disparities in three key dimensions: health (life expectancy), education (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling), and standard of living (income or Gross National Income per capita).

To formulate the GDI, the following steps are taken:

### 1. Life Expectancy at Birth: 
This dimension reflects the overall health of a population. The GDI considers the difference in life expectancy between men and women. Life expectancy is one of the strongest indicators of a population’s health status, and gender disparities in life expectancy are significant in many countries. Women often live longer than men, but this may not always translate into a higher quality of life.

### 2. Education: 
The education dimension is captured using two indicators:
   - Mean years of schooling: This is the average number of years of education received by people aged 25 and older, adjusted by gender.
   - Expected years of schooling: This measures the total years of schooling a child entering the education system can expect to receive, based on current enrollment ratios. It is also gender-adjusted.

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