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Endocrine functions of the kidneys

The kidneys produce three important hormones: erythropoietin, calcitriol (1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol ) and renin. They also synthesize prostaglandins, which affect many processes in the kidneys .

In addition to synthesis , the kidneys also contribute to the degradation of certain hormones – such as insulin (forms insulinase – cleaves insulin) or parathyroid hormone.

Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin is a peptide hormone which regulates erythropoiesis.

Structure and function

Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein containing 165 amino acids. Its receptors are present on the membranes of red blood cell precursors. Binding of the hormone reduces apoptosis of these cells – multiple cells survive and can therefore complete their development into mature erythrocytes.

Synthesis and inactivation

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