How is the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens used in plant genetic engineering? Explain the process in detail.

The Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a remarkable tool in plant genetic engineering. Its natural function is to transfer a segment of its DNA, known as T-DNA (transfer DNA), into the host plant's genome, causing the formation of crown gall tumors. Scientists have harnessed this natural mechanism to introduce desired genes into plants for agricultural and research purposes. The process involves several steps:

1. Isolation of Ti Plasmid: The first step involves isolating the Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Once isolated, the plasmid serves as the vector for transferring the desired genes into the plant ___ __________ ______ _______ ________ _____ ____.
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