How does Spinoza prove that God is the only independent substance?

Baruch Spinoza, a 17th-century Dutch philosopher, is known for his pantheistic view of God and his unique approach to substance monism. In his philosophical masterpiece, "Ethics," Spinoza argues that God is the only independent substance through a complex and deductive metaphysical system. Here's an overview of how Spinoza establishes this proposition:

1. Definition of Substance: Spinoza begins by defining substance as "that which is in itself and is conceived through itself." In other words, a substance is self-existent and self-sustaining. It does not depend on anything else for its existence or ______ ________ ____ _______ ____ _____ ___ ____ _____.
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