How do upwellings and outwellings cause the circulation of nutrients in the coastal zone?

Upwellings and outwellings are key processes in the coastal zone that regulate the circulation of nutrients, which directly influence marine productivity. 

Upwelling occurs when deep, nutrient-rich waters rise to the surface, typically due to wind-driven currents. This process is common along coastlines where winds blow parallel to the shore, pushing surface waters away and allowing deeper waters to replace them. These deeper waters, _________ __________ ________ _____ _______ __________.
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