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Colonialism had a profound and transformative impact on Bharatiya craft traditions, affecting not only the economic conditions of artisans but also the cultural perception, social status, and continuity of traditional knowledge systems. Before colonial rule, crafts in Bharat were an integral part of the social, cultural, and economic fabric of society. Craft production was organized through hereditary guilds, caste-based occupations, and regional traditions, and it functioned within a decentralized but highly efficient system of local economies. Artisans such as weavers, potters, metal workers, carpenters, stone carvers, and painters were respected contributors to society, and their skills were transmitted through generations as part of living traditions. The arrival of colonial powers, particularly the British, significantly altered this structure by introducing new economic policies, industrial goods, and cultural attitudes that reshaped the craft sector. One of the most immediate impacts of colonialism on Bharatiya crafts was economic disruption. The British colonial administration reorganized the Indian economy to serve the needs of industrial Britain. India, which had previously been a major exporter of fine textiles, handicrafts, and artisanal goods, was gradually turned into a supplier of raw materials and a market for machine-made British products. Traditional crafts, especially the textile industry, suffered greatly because British manufactured goods flooded the Indian market. Machine-produced cotton textiles from British factories were cheaper and mass-produced, making it difficult for Indian handloom weavers to compete. As a result, many artisans lost their livelihoods, and entire craft communities faced economic decline. The colonial revenue system and land policies also indirectly affected craftspeople. High taxation, commercialization of agriculture, and the introduction of cash crops changed rural economic structures. Many artisans who had depended on agricultural communities for patronage and barter-based exchange systems lost their traditional support networks. In earlier times, artisans were often part of the jajmani __________ ________ _______ _________ ________.
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