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The Cold War was a period of intense geopolitical tension between the United States and its allies, representing the capitalist West, and the Soviet Union and its allies, representing the communist East, which dominated global affairs from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s. The origins of the Cold War lie in a combination of ideological, political, and economic differences that emerged during and after World War II. While the Allied powers had cooperated to defeat Nazi Germany, their divergent visions for the postwar world quickly surfaced, leading to mutual distrust and rivalry. Ideologically, the United States championed liberal democracy and a market-driven economy, emphasizing individual freedoms and political pluralism. In contrast, the Soviet Union promoted a centrally planned economy and a one-party state, aiming to spread communist ideology globally. These conflicting worldviews made it difficult to achieve consensus on the reconstruction of Europe, postwar security, and the governance of liberated nations. The tension was exacerbated by the experiences of World War II, during which the Soviet Union had suffered enormous losses and sought to secure its western borders through friendly or dependent regimes, while the United States aimed to promote open markets and prevent the expansion of authoritarian regimes. The immediate postwar period saw several events that crystallized the Cold War divide. The Yalta Conference in February 1945, attended by Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin, attempted to outline postwar arrangements. While agreements were made regarding the division of Germany into occupation zones and the establishment of the United Nations, disagreements over Poland's governance highlighted the underlying tensions. Stalin’s insistence on establishing a pro-Soviet government in Poland, contrary to Western expectations of free elections, became a symbol of emerging East-West mistrust. Another crucial event was the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, which further exposed the widening rift. By this time, Roosevelt _______ _____ ______ _________ ______ _____ ___ _______.
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