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Decolonization refers to the historical process by which colonies gained political independence from imperial powers, primarily during the 20th century, following centuries of European colonization. It involves not only the transfer of political authority but also the broader social, economic, cultural, and psychological liberation from colonial domination. Decolonization is often understood as a multidimensional phenomenon, encompassing the dismantling of colonial administrations, the emergence of nationalist movements, and the assertion of indigenous identities and sovereignty. It was shaped by the aftermath of World War II, changing international norms, and growing pressures from both internal movements and global institutions advocating self-determination. The meaning of decolonization extends beyond formal independence. While the legal and political withdrawal of colonial powers marked one aspect, decolonization also required the restructuring of societal hierarchies, the revival of local cultures, languages, and traditions, and the reconfiguration of economic systems previously oriented toward colonial exploitation. In this sense, decolonization can be understood as a process of reclaiming autonomy in governance, culture, and economy, as well as a psychological process of overcoming the colonial mindset that had been instilled over centuries. Various approaches have been developed to understand decolonization, reflecting the complexity and diversity of colonial experiences across regions. A historical-political approach emphasizes the role of nationalist movements, political negotiations, and anti-colonial struggles. This perspective highlights leaders like _______ __________ __________ ________ ________ _____ _________ ___ ________.
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