How did industrial relations evolve and how it got affected by ILO?

The evolution of industrial relations (IR) can be understood as a dynamic process influenced by a range of political, economic, and social factors. Industrial relations, in its simplest form, refers to the relationship between employers, employees, and the state in the context of employment. It deals with the regulations of employment terms, dispute resolution, and the broader context of labor rights, wages, and working conditions. Over the years, the development of industrial relations has been shaped by the growth of industrialization, the rise of workers' movements, the role of trade unions, and the influence of international organizations like the International Labour Organization (ILO).

### Early Industrial Relations: The Advent of Industrialization

The roots of industrial relations can be traced back to the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries. Prior to this period, most economies were agrarian, and the relationship between employers and employees was largely informal and governed by personal contracts. However, with the rapid growth of factories, mills, and mass production, a significant shift occurred in the structure of employment. Workers increasingly found themselves employed in large-scale industrial establishments rather than small artisan shops or agricultural settings. 

This transition led to the concentration of workers in urban areas, where employers had more power, and employees had little bargaining strength. Workers, often subjected to long hours, unsafe conditions, and low wages, began to form collective organizations known as trade unions. These unions emerged as a response to the exploitative conditions of the early industrial era. However, the legal and political systems were initially not favorable to workers, as unions were often seen as illegal or subversive.

In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution resulted in widespread labor unrest in many countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, and France. Workers began to demand better working conditions, higher wages, and the right to form associations. The state, in many cases, responded with restrictive laws that curtailed _____ ____ __________ ___ ___ ____ ___ __________ ___ _________.
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