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The Hill Area Development Programme (HADP) has been one of the major initiatives of the Indian government to address the problems and potentials of hilly and mountainous regions. These areas, due to their geographical, ecological and socio-economic characteristics, face multiple challenges such as poor infrastructure, limited access to markets, scattered population, lack of irrigation facilities, soil erosion, deforestation, and vulnerability to natural calamities. At the same time, hill areas possess unique opportunities in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, animal husbandry, tourism, and medicinal plants. The Hill Area Development Programme was introduced as a part of India’s rural development programmes to ensure balanced regional development and to bring these regions into the mainstream of national growth by utilizing science, technology, and participatory planning. The Hill Area Development Programme was launched during the Fifth Five Year Plan in 1974-75, based on the recommendations of the Planning Commission. The idea was to provide special assistance to states having hilly regions so that their development gaps could be minimized compared to the plains. Initially, the programme covered Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Sikkim, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and hill areas of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu. Later on, its scope was expanded to include hill tracts in other states as well. The programme aimed at integrated and area-specific development, focusing on resources, local needs, and ecological balance. This was in line with the larger objectives of rural development programmes, which were to remove regional disparities, ensure livelihood opportunities, reduce poverty, and strengthen local governance through decentralized planning. The strategy of the Hill Area Development Programme was built upon the concept of integrated development. Unlike sector-specific schemes, HADP emphasized that in hilly regions, development cannot be achieved by focusing on one sector alone. Instead, agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, forestry, infrastructure, education, health, and employment generation had to be tackled together to create a sustainable impact. Thus, the programme adopted a multi-sectoral approach _____ ______ __________ _________ __________ ______ ______ _____.
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