Highlights the salient features evolution of Panchayats (Extension to Schedule Areas) Act. 1996. Explain

The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA) of 1996 is a significant piece of legislation in India that aimed to extend the provisions of the Panchayati Raj system to Scheduled Areas, which are regions predominantly inhabited by indigenous or tribal communities. This act marked a key step in strengthening local self-governance, especially for tribal populations, who had been marginalized in the country's governance structures. To understand the evolution and significance of PESA, it is essential to examine the context of Panchayats in India, the need for a specific act for Scheduled Areas, and the key features of PESA.

### Context of Panchayats in India

The Panchayati Raj system in India has its roots in the concept of decentralized governance, which is an essential part of India’s democratic framework. The Constitution of India, under Article 40, directed the state to organize village Panchayats and empower them to function as units of self-government. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 was a milestone, establishing a formal framework for the Panchayati Raj system. This amendment introduced a three-tier structure of Panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels, and provided for direct elections to these bodies, as well as reservations for women, Scheduled Castes (SCs), and Scheduled Tribes (STs).

However, while this constitutional provision was aimed at promoting local self-governance across the country, it did not directly address the unique needs of the Scheduled Areas—regions with large tribal populations. These areas had their own distinct socio-cultural and economic systems, which required a different approach to governance. The tribal communities often lived in relative isolation from the mainstream, and their traditional systems of self-governance had been eroded over time due to colonial policies and post-independence administrative structures.

### Evolution of PESA

Before the enactment of PESA, ____ _______ ________ _______ ___ _______ ______ __________ ___ ________.
_____ _______ _______ ________ _________ _____ _____ _____ _________ __________ _____.
______ ____ _________ __________ _______ __________ ________ _____ _______ ___ ___.
_________ ___ ____ _______ ___ _________.
_____ ________ ___ _______ _________ ______ __________ _____.
____ ______ ______ ___ ___ ____ ___ _____ ____.
________ ____ _______ ______ _____ ______ _____ _______.
_______ __________ _____ ______ __________ ________ ______ __________ _________ ______ ____ ________.
______ _______ ______ _______ _____ _______.
____ ___ _________ _________ ________.
_______ ________ _____ _______ _____ ___ _______ _______ _____ __________.
_____ _____ _________ __________ _________ ____.
_________ ____ ____ _______ ___ _______ _________ ________.
____ _______ ____ ______ _________ ______ _____ _____.
____ _______ __________ _____ __________ ____.
________ ________ ____ _______ ____ _______ ____ _________ _________ _____ ______ __________.
_____ _________ ______ _______ ________ ___ _______ ______ ________.
__________ ________ _____ ______ ______ ______ ____ _______ _________ _________ ____.
__________ _________ ____ ______ ______ __________ _____ _______ ___ ________ ____.
________ _________ ________ ________ __________ ____ _________ ______ ___.
_____ ________ ___ ___ ________.
____ _____ ________ ___ __________ __________ ________ ________ __________ _________.
_______ _________ __________ _______ _________.
_______ _________ _____ ______ _____ _______ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
_______ _________ _______ ___ ______ _______ ____ ___ ________ _____.
________ _______ ______ ______ _______ ___ _______.
______ __________ ________ ___ _____ _____ _________ _________.
_________ ______ __________ ________ ________ _______ _____ ________.
_________ ______ _____ ___ ______ _________ ____.
__________ ____ ___ ________ _____ ___ ____ _________ __________ __________ ________ _________.
______ ___ _________ ________ ________ ___ _________ ___ __________.
________ ________ _____ ___ ______.
_______ ________ _____ ______ _______ _____ ________.
______ ______ _________ ____ ______ __________ _________ ___ ______ _________ ___.
_______ _________ ____ ____ _____ ____ ________ __________ _____ __________ _________ ___.
__________ _______ _____ ____ ______ _______ ________ ________ _____ ____ _____.
____ ______ _____ _________ ________ _________ ________.
__________ ________ __________ _______ ______ ______.
_____ ________ __________ ______ _________ __________ ______ ________ ________ ________ _________ _________.
______ __________ __________ _____ _______ ________ ______ ________ ____.
________ _________ ______ ________ _________ _________ _____.
_____ _____ _____ ____ _____ _____ ______ ____.
______ ________ ____ _____ ____.
_______ ________ ___ ___ ___ _____ ____ ________ _________ ____.
_________ ______ _________ _____ _____ ________ ____ _____ _____ _________ __________.
______ ________ _____ _______ ______ __________ ________ _______ _____.
_______ ____ ______ ____ _____ __________ ________ ____ ________ _________.
______ ____ __________ __________ _________ ______ ____ _______.
__________ _________ ___ ____ ______.
_____ ______ _______ ______ _______ _____ _________.
____ ____ ______ _______ ______.
____ ________ ___ _____ ________ ____ ______ _________ ____ _________.
____ ____ ____ __________ ____ __________.
_________ ___ __________ _____ ______ _________ ___ ______.
________ ____ ____ _________ _______.
____ ___ ___ ______ ___ __________ _________ ______.
___ ______ ___ ______ _______ _______ ____ _______ ______ ____.
___ ________ ____ _____ __________ ___ ___ _______.
_________ _______ ___ _______ ______.
________ ____ ______ ________ _____ ___ ________ ________ ______ _________ ___ ____.
____ __________ _____ ______ _________ ___.
________ __________ ______ ___ _________ __________ ___ ______ _______ _______ ___.
_______ _________ ___ ______ _______.
_______ ______ ___ _______ ___ ________ ___ _________.
_______ _______ ______ ____ _________.
_______ _______ ________ ________ _______ ___ ______ _________ ______.
_____ ________ ____ _________ _________ ____ ___ _______ _____ ______ _____.
____ _____ _________ _________ __________ __________.
______ ____ ___ ______ ____ __________ _______ _________ _________ ____ ____ ________.
__________ _____ _________ _______ ____ _____ __________ ______.
__________ ________ ________ _______ ______ ___ ___ _________.
_______ _______ _______ ________ ________ _________.
__________ _____ _______ ________ _____ __________ _______ ____ ________.
_________ _________ _____ _____ ______ _____ __________ _______ ___.
_______ ______ ___ _____ ____ _________.
__________ _____ ___ _______ _______ ______ _____ ________ __________ _____ ________.
___ _______ ________ __________ ____ _________.
________ _________ _______ ____ _____ ___ _____ ________ ______ _________ ______.
___ ________ ______ ____ _________ ______ ________ __________ ________ ____ ______.
______ ________ ____ _________ _________ _____.
_____ _____ _______ ___ ______ ____ _______ ________ ___ ______.
______ ___ _________ __________ __________ _____ _____ _______ ________.
___ _________ __________ _______ ____ ______ _____ __________.
__________ ______ _____ ______ _______ ________ _____ ______ ____ _________ _______ ________.
______ ____ _________ ________ __________.
_____ ______ ___ ______ ____ _________.
_____ ________ _________ ______ ___ ________ ________ _________ _____ _____ _________.
____ _________ ________ _______ ______.
______ _________ ______ ________ _________ ___ ______ ___ __________ ____.
________ ___ _____ _________ __________ ___ _______ ______ ___ _________ ________.
______ _____ _________ ___ _____ ____ _________ ___ ______.
________ _____ ____ ____ _______ _______.
_______ _____ _________ ________ __________ ______ __________ _____.
______ _______ ____ __________ ________ _______ ________ _________ _____.
_____ __________ __________ __________ ______ _____ ____ _____ ____ __________ _____.
_______ _________ ______ _______ ____ ___ ___ ______ _________ _________ __________.
___ __________ _________ ___ ___ ______.
____ ____ _________ __________ ________ _________ __________ _______ ______.
_____ ________ _____ _____ ____ _____ _______ ____ ___ _______ _________.
___ _________ _________ ___ ______ ________ __________ _______ __________.
__________ ______ ________ ______ ________.
________ ______ __________ ____ ______ ______ ____ _______ ___.
_____ ________ ______ _________ ______ ________.
__________ ______ ___ ________ __________ _________ _______ _______ _____ __________ ____.
____ ___ ______.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp