Highlight some of the cohesive and conflict dimensions of religion in India

The transit from one historical epoch to another changes in patterns of living and types of production, priestly manipulations, and political or social compulsions have had a bearing on religion. As religions are social phenomena, they not only impinge on society but are in turn susceptible to social pressures. But the modalities of conflict have varied. The pantheistic religions, which believe in a variety of gods, goddesses or sacred forces, have generally remained tolerant of differences in belief and practice1 . Shintoism, Hinduism, Taoism, Buddhism are pantheistic. In Japan, Buddhism has flourished along with Shintoism. In China, Taoism and Buddhism have existed side by side for long periods. India has always been noted for its tolerance. Since in pantheism there is the recognition of validity of different approaches to religious truth, there is very little to fight for or against a particular creed. In the monotheistic religions of West Asia, such as, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, there is no room for an alternative set of gods or sacred beliefs. Hence, the non-believers were treated as outsiders. Even here there was accommodation of religious diversities: for ex. Jerusalem in West Asia has been a common holy place for all the three groups. The Caliphs who ruled from 7th to 13th century A.D. were tolerant of non–Islamic groups such as Jews and Christians. These minorities _____ ____ ______ _______ _______.
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