Heavy metal pollution

Heavy metal pollution poses significant threats to agriculture and allied sectors, impacting soil, water, plants, animals, and ultimately human health. Heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium enter agricultural systems through various routes such as industrial effluents, pesticides, fertilizers, and sewage sludge.

In soils, heavy metals accumulate over time due to their persistence and inability to degrade. This accumulation affects soil fertility, microbial activity, and nutrient availability, leading to reduced crop productivity. Contaminated soils also pose ________ ____ _______ __________ _______ _______ _________ ___ _________ _______.
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