Describe the various biological pest control methods.

Using biological pest control methods in agriculture and allied sectors involves harnessing the power of natural predators, parasites, pathogens, and competitors to manage pest populations. These methods are eco-friendly, sustainable, and often safer alternatives to chemical pesticides. Here's a comprehensive overview of various biological pest control methods:

1. Predators and Parasitoids:
   Predators and parasitoids are organisms that naturally prey upon pests, keeping their populations in check. They can be insects, birds, or even other pests. Ladybugs, lacewings, praying mantises, and spiders are common predator insects that feed on pests like aphids, caterpillars, and mites. Parasitoids like certain wasp species lay eggs inside the bodies of pest insects, eventually killing them.

2. Microbial Control:
   Microbial agents include bacteria, fungi, and viruses that infect and kill pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a well-known bacterium used to control caterpillar pests. It produces toxins harmful only to specific insects, making it safe for other organisms. Fungal pathogens like Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae infect and kill pests such ____ __________ __________ __________ ____ ______ ___ ____ ____ ______ _______ _______.
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