Give the physical significance of Helmholtz energy.

Helmholtz energy (\( A \)) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful work obtainable from a closed system at constant volume and temperature. It is defined as:  

\[
A = U - TS
\]

where \( __________ _______ ________ _____ __________ ________ _________ ________ _____ _________.
____ ______ __________ ________ _______ __________ ____ ________ ___ _____.
____ ____ ____ __________ ________ __________ ____ ____ ____ ___ _______.
______ ____ _________ ________ ___ _________.
_________ _______ _____ ___ ________.
___ _____ _______ _______ ___ _____ _____ ___ __________ ____.
__________ ____ _____ ___ ___ ____ ______ _______.
____ _____ ________ ________ _________ __________ __________ ______ ________ __________ _____.
________ _______ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ ______.
______ ____ _______ _________ _______ _____ _________ __________ ___ _________.
__________ ____ _________ __________ _____ ________ ______ ______ ___ __________ _______.
___ _________ ____ ________ ___ ________ _____ ________ _________ _____ ________.
____ ________ __________ _______ _________ ____ ________ __________ ________.
______.
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