Give an overview of pathways of antigen processing and presentation.

Question

23 Jan 2025

Answer :

Word Count : 668

Antigen processing and presentation are crucial mechanisms in the immune system, enabling the recognition and elimination of pathogens, as well as the activation of adaptive immune responses. These processes are essential for the immune system to differentiate between self and non-self and are fundamental to both the cellular and humoral immune responses. The pathways of antigen processing and presentation primarily involve two major pathways: the endogenous pathway (also known as the cytosolic pathway) and the exogenous pathway (also called the endocytic pathway).

Endogenous Pathway (Cytosolic Pathway):
This pathway primarily handles the presentation of antigens derived from intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, or from the body's own altered cells, such as cancer cells. In this process, proteins within the cytoplasm are degraded into small peptide fragments by the proteasome. These peptides are ___ ________ __________ ____ ___ ____ __________ _____ ___ ______.
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