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India’s maritime trade in the 15th century played a crucial role in the economic, cultural, and political development of the Indian subcontinent. The period was marked by active participation of Indian merchants, rulers, and port cities in the Indian Ocean trade network, which extended from East Africa and the Persian Gulf to Southeast Asia and China. The 15th century fell during the late medieval period of India, with the regional powers like the Vijayanagara Empire in the south, the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan, and the Delhi Sultanate’s successors in the north playing important roles. This era witnessed a revival of maritime activities, partly due to the increasing demand for Indian goods and the rising prosperity of port towns along both the western and eastern coasts. On the western coast, ports like Calicut, Cochin, Cambay, Chaul, Dabhol, and Goa were prominent centers of trade. Calicut, under the Zamorins, emerged as a major hub for the spice trade, particularly black pepper and cardamom, which were highly sought after in the Middle East and Europe. Gujarati merchants were dominant in the Arabian Sea trade, carrying textiles, indigo, and spices to ports in the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Cambay was particularly noted for its role as a distribution center of fine cotton textiles, ivory, pearls, and precious stones, which were exported to Arabia, Egypt, and East Africa. The Malabar Coast became famous for its cosmopolitan trade environment, where Arab, Persian, Chinese, and later European traders congregated. On the _________ ______ ____ _______ __________ _________ _________ __________ ____ ____ _________.
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