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Gender budgeting is a strategic tool to promote gender equality through fiscal policies and public financial management. It involves analyzing government budgets to understand their impact on women and men and restructuring revenue and expenditure to promote gender justice. Both Australia and South Africa have adopted gender budgeting measures, albeit with different historical trajectories, institutional mechanisms, and levels of implementation. Gender Budgeting in Australia Australia was one of the pioneers in implementing gender-responsive budgeting. The initiative started in 1984 under the Hawke Labor government when the Australian federal government introduced the Women’s Budget Program (WBP). The program aimed to assess how the annual federal budget impacted women and to promote gender equality through fiscal policy. The Australian WBP had three primary objectives: 1. To improve accountability and transparency in public finance. 2. To promote equality for women by ensuring that government expenditure addressed gender disparities. 3. To build institutional capacity for gender-responsive policy planning. Initially, the Women’s Budget Statement was published annually and provided detailed analysis on how each department's budget affected women. These statements encouraged departments to scrutinize their programs and policies through a gender lens. This initiative was comprehensive and involved all ministries and agencies. However, the commitment to gender budgeting weakened over time. After the 1990s, especially post-1996 under the Howard government, the national gender budgeting initiative was dismantled. The Women’s Budget Statement was no longer published at the federal level. Nevertheless, the approach continued at the state level. For instance, the State of Victoria undertook gender analysis in budget planning through its Gender Equality Strategy. Australia's gender budgeting initiative evolved again in recent years. In 2021, the federal government reintroduced a version of gender budgeting. The 2021–22 Women’s Budget Statement focused on issues such _________ ______ ___ ____ ___ ____ _____ ____ _____.
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