Give a detailed discussion on the institutionalisation of geography as an academic discipline in the world

The institutionalization of geography as an academic discipline has been a complex and multifaceted process that evolved over centuries, shaped by intellectual, social, and political forces. Geography, often regarded as the study of the Earth's physical features and the relationships between people and their environments, has a rich history that has seen its transformation from a speculative and descriptive pursuit to a systematic and scientific discipline.

The roots of geographical thought can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where early thinkers like Eratosthenes in Greece and Ptolemy in Alexandria laid the foundation for understanding the Earth's shape and mapping its features. However, it wasn't until the 19th century that geography started to emerge as a ________ ___ _________ ______ __________.
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