FISH

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful cytogenetic technique used to detect and localize specific DNA sequences within chromosomes, making it invaluable in human genetics. This method employs fluorescent probes that bind to complementary sequences of DNA, allowing researchers to visualize the presence, absence, or arrangement of genes and chromosomal abnormalities directly in the cellular context.

FISH is particularly useful in clinical genetics for diagnosing genetic disorders and cancers. For instance, in the case of suspected chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21), FISH can _________ ____ _________ ___ _____ _________ ___ _____ __________.
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