First ionisation energies of second period elements show that the values increase from lithium to beryllium, decrease for boron, and increase up to nitrogen, again decrease in oxygen and finally increase up to neon. Explain.

The first ionization energies of the second-period elements exhibit distinct trends, which can be explained by considering atomic structure and electron configuration.

1. Lithium to Beryllium: The ionization energy increases from lithium to beryllium because beryllium has a higher nuclear charge (Z = 4) compared to lithium (Z = ____ _____ _________ _____ _____ _______ _____ ______ ______.
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