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Lysozyme is a hydrolytic enzyme widely distributed in egg white, tears, saliva, mucus, and many animal tissues. It acts as an antibacterial agent by destroying the cell wall of bacteria, especially Gram-positive bacteria. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-(1→4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) present in peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. As a result, the integrity of the bacterial wall is lost, leading to osmotic lysis and death of the cell. Lysozyme is a small globular protein containing a deep cleft or groove that serves as the active site. The substrate binds in this groove through several weak interactions. The active site contains two important amino acid residues: Glutamic acid-35 (Glu-35) __________ _______ _______ __________ _______ ________ ________.
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