Word Count : 299

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A shunt voltage regulator using a Zener diode operates by maintaining a nearly constant output voltage across a load despite variations in the input voltage or load current. The basic circuit consists of a series resistor (R_s), a Zener diode (D_Z) connected in parallel with the load, and a DC supply voltage (V_s). The series resistor limits the current flowing into the Zener diode and the load. When the input voltage rises, excess current _______ _____ _____ _________ ____ ___ ___ ____ __________ __________.
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