Explain the terms antigenic shift and antigenic drift.

Antigenic shift and antigenic drift are two mechanisms by which viruses, particularly influenza viruses, evolve and alter their surface antigens, making it difficult for the immune system to recognize and combat them.

Antigenic drift refers to small, gradual changes in the viral genome, which occur as a result of mutations during replication. These mutations often happen in the genes that _____ ____ __________ _________ _______ ____.
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