Explain the term ‘cryptography’. Discuss the encryption model and the properties of a good crypto algorithms. 

Cryptography is the science and practice of securing communication from unauthorized access or interception. Cryptography is used to protect sensitive data from eavesdropping, interception, or modification by converting plaintext into ciphertext using a cryptographic algorithm and a key. The goal of cryptography is to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the communication.

Encryption Model The encryption model involves two main processes: encryption and decryption. Encryption is the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext using a cryptographic algorithm and ________ ______ _________ _____ ______ _______ ________ __________ ___.
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