Explain the term ‘Bank Capital’. Discuss the functions and classification of Bank Capital. What are the requirements that banking companies need to fulfill in order to carry on their business in India.
Bank capital refers to the financial cushion or the net worth of a bank that acts as a buffer against unexpected losses. It represents the funds contributed by the bank's shareholders and retained earnings. Capital is a critical component for banks as it serves as a protection mechanism, ensuring that a bank remains solvent even in adverse situations.
### Functions of Bank Capital:
1. Absorb Losses: Bank capital serves as a cushion against losses. In case of unexpected downturns, such as loan defaults or economic crises, capital absorbs these losses, preventing the bank from becoming insolvent.
2. Support Growth: Sufficient capital allows banks to expand their operations, lend more, and take on more risks, fostering economic growth.
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