Explain the styles of management, as propounded by Rensis Likert.

Rensis Likert, an American social psychologist, is renowned for his significant contributions to administrative theory and management practices. His work is particularly influential in shaping our understanding of organizational behavior and leadership styles. Likert proposed a comprehensive framework for management styles, which he presented in his seminal work, "New Patterns of Management" (1961). This framework, known as the Likert Management System, outlines four distinct management styles that range from exploitative-authoritative to participative-group-based. This system emphasizes the impact of leadership on organizational effectiveness and employee motivation. 

1. Exploitative-Authoritative Style:
   Likert's framework begins with the Exploitative-Authoritative style, which is characterized by a top-down approach to decision-making. In this style, leaders make decisions without consulting subordinates, and communication flows strictly in _____ ____ __________ _______ ____.
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