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Network scanning is a fundamental step in cybersecurity, used to identify active devices, open ports, and potential vulnerabilities in a network. One of the most widely used tools for this purpose is Nmap, which stands for Network Mapper. Nmap is an open-source utility that provides comprehensive information about a network, helping cybersecurity professionals, system administrators, and ethical hackers to map and secure networks effectively. It is capable of performing tasks such as host discovery, port scanning, service identification, and even operating system detection. The first step in network scanning using Nmap is host discovery. Host discovery involves identifying which devices are active on a network. Nmap can accomplish this using several techniques, such as sending ICMP echo requests (pings), TCP SYN packets to common ports, or ARP requests in local networks. By determining which hosts are online, Nmap helps _________ ______ _________ _________ _______ _______.
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