Explain the salient features of Paris Agreement on climate change.

The Paris Agreement, adopted on December 12, 2015, under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is a legally binding international treaty aimed at addressing climate change and its negative impacts on the global environment. It brings together nearly every country in the world to collaborate on reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to the effects of climate change. The Paris Agreement is considered a major milestone in the global effort to mitigate climate change and ensure a sustainable, resilient future for all societies. The salient features of the Paris Agreement reflect its focus on long-term goals, collective action, and equity.

1. Long-Term Temperature Goal

One of the central elements of the Paris Agreement is its long-term temperature goal. The agreement aims to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. The rationale behind this goal is to significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change. Scientists have indicated that a 1.5°C increase is crucial for minimizing severe consequences, such as extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and ecosystem disruption. Achieving this target requires radical reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, and industrial processes.

2. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

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