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The role of social legislation in women’s empowerment in India has been both transformative and complex, functioning as a vital instrument of social policy and social development. The Indian state, since independence, has employed legislation as a means to address structural inequalities, dismantle patriarchal practices, and create enabling conditions for women’s participation in social, economic, and political life. Social legislation has not only reflected the aspirations of a democratic and inclusive society but also served as a catalyst for changing attitudes, behaviors, and institutional arrangements concerning gender justice. The roots of social legislation for women in India can be traced to the colonial era when reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and others advocated for legal measures against regressive customs such as sati and child marriage. The Widow Remarriage Act of 1856, the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929, and the abolition of sati through the Bengal Sati Regulation Act of 1829 marked early attempts at using law as a tool to liberate women from oppressive traditions. These reforms laid the groundwork for the post-independence state to use legislation as a means of social transformation. After independence, the framing of the Indian Constitution provided the legal foundation for women’s empowerment through provisions of equality, non-discrimination, and affirmative action. The Constitution of India is the bedrock of women’s empowerment through social legislation. Articles 14, 15, and 16 ensure equality before the law, prohibit discrimination based on sex, and guarantee equal opportunities in matters of public employment. Article 15(3) empowers the state to make special provisions for women and children, which has legitimized the introduction of numerous protective and affirmative laws. Directive Principles of State Policy, particularly Article 39, direct the state to ensure that men and women have equal rights to livelihood, equal pay for equal work, and protection against exploitation. These constitutional commitments have shaped the trajectory of legislative reforms in independent India, embedding gender justice within the framework of social policy and development. One of the __________ ___ ______ ________ ____ __________ __________.
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